Province of XuZhou（Introduction to Three Kingdoms Geographical Names 3）
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Xuzhou徐州, with jurisdiction equivalent to the area to the north of the Yangtze River in present-day Jiangsu and southern Shandong.
The story that happened in Xuzhou during the early Three Kingdoms period can be said to be the most exciting. Liu Bei's high and vigorous spirit to the point of wandering, Lu Bu's magic shotting to beggong for mercy, Yuan Shu's greed, Tao Qian's fear, Gao Shun's高顺 loyalty and bravery, Zang Ba's臧霸 ability to judge the situation, Chen Deng's陈登 great defeat of Sun Quan, and Cao Cao's transformation into a murderous demon for revenge, all have written a rich and colorful chapter in history.
Xuzhou has 5 commanderies under its jurisdiction, namely Xiapi下邳, Pengcheng彭城, Langya琅琊, Donghai东海, and Guangling广陵. The seat of Xuzhou during the late Han period was located in Xiapi County of Xiapi Commandery, which is in present-day Suining County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province.
Xiapi Commandery, its core is of course the administrative center of the entire Xuzhou, Xiapi County. In the early Three Kingdoms period, various heroes competed around it, with Cao Cao flooding the city, Lu Bu being strangled, Liu Bei attacking and killing Che Zhou, and Guan Yu surrendering to Cao Cao, all happening here.
Pengcheng Commandery, with its seat in Pengcheng County, is now known as Xuzhou City. Pengcheng, as the intersection of north-south water transportation, has been a battleground for warlords since ancient times. Xiang Yu, the the Conqueror of Western Chu, established his capital here and achieved the feat of defeating Liu Bang's 560000 mighty army with 30000 soldiers.
LangYa Commandery,with its seat KaiYang开阳 county,it’s present-day LinYi City of ShanDong Province. One of LangYa’s most famous Clans was the ZhuGe. The Zhuge family had important ministers in all three kingdoms of Wei, Han and Wu,ZhuGe Jin and ZhuGe Liang brothers are respectively the General-in-Chief of Wu and Prime Minister of Han,and their Younger brother of same clan,Zhuge Dan ,was the Great General of Conquering East of Wei,who commanded the military affairs in Yangzhou.
Here also produced the most prominent family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Langya Wang Clan. “The Wang and the Ma（SiMa）, share the world!”（王与马，共天下） , they even rivaled the royal family of the Eastern Jin Dynasty（317-420AD）, the Sima family.
DongHai Commandery,its seat Tan郯 County,used to be the seat of XuZhou Province,it’s in present-day TanCheng county of LinYi City,ShanDong Province.In Chinese,”Dong” means the east,”Hai” means the sea,DongHai Commandery is located directly east of the capital city of the Qin and Han empires, directly across the East Sea (known in modern times as the Yellow Sea), hence its name.
Guangling Commandery, with its seat in Guangling County, which is the urban area of present-day Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province.Guangling, as one of the front lines of the conflict between Wei and Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, was also the scene of many conflicts. Chen Deng, the Commanderial governor of Guangling of Wei, had defeated Sun Quan's attack here. However, because the area north of the Yangtze River in Xuzhou province at the late Han period was densely swamped and the navigable waterways were often blocked, which was not conducive to the passage of combat and transportation ships, and because the area was sparsely populated and the army could not be supplied along the way, no particularly large-scale wars took place in this front line of the border between the states of Wei and Wu.