Some Important Geographical Terms During the Three Kingdoms Period
History of China
Administrative names of the Three Kingdoms
Bei北: North ； Nan南: South ；
Dong东: East； Xi西：West；
Zhong中: Central or Within
He河：specifically refer to Yellow River
Jiang江：specifically refer to Yangtze River
Central Plain中原：Narrowly it refers to the plain around Luoyang and to the south of Yellow River. When corresponding to foreign tribes, it generally refers to ancient China.
Guanzhong关中：means the area Within the 4 Passes, “Guan关” means the Passes. The Xiao Pass萧关 and San Pass散关 guarded the west, Wu Pass武关 and Han’gu Pass函谷关 guarded the east(it generally referred to Tong Pass after Eastern Han). So the area within the passes is called Guanzhong.
GuanDong关东：Refers to most of northern China east of Han’gu Pass
Hebei河北: the area to the north of Yellow River
Huaibei淮北/HuangHuai黄淮：the area between the Huai River and Yellow River
Huainan淮南/JiangHuai江淮：the area between the Huai River and Yangtze River
Jiangdong江东：The Yangtze River flows in a southwestern-northeastern direction between Wuhu and Nanjing in present-day , so people used to call the area on the right bank of the Yangtze River as Jiangdong(Jiang means Yangtze River, Dong means east) .
Jianghan江汉：The area between Yangtze River and Han River汉水
Longxi陇西：the area to the west of Long Mountain
Hexi河西：the area to the west of Yellow River in Northwestern China
Hetao/HeNan河套/河南：The area within the Yellow River's "Ω" shape
BaShu巴蜀：most area of present-day Sichuan and Chongqing.
Lingnan：the area to the south of the Five Ridges in southern China, including present day provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi ,HaiNan ,southern Fujian ,HongKong and Macao, Ling means the Ridges.
Nanzhong南中：most area of present-day YunNan and Guizhou
Liaodong辽东：the area to the east of Liao River辽河
North of the Desert漠北：The vast area north of the desert,Most of them belong to present-day Russia and Outer Mongolia
South of the Desert漠南：The area to the south of the desert and to the north of Yin Mountain, Mainly in present-day Inner Mongolia
Western Regions：It is a general term for China’s Xinjiang and Central Asia. Named after its location west of Yumen Pass玉门关 and Yang Pass阳关 in Dunhuang敦煌 City, Gansu甘肃 Province.
To be Continued.
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